When it comes to making smart investments, financial literacy is a mix of awareness, knowledge, skill, attitude, as well as conduct. In other words, financial literacy is the acquaintance with the most fundamental economic principles essential for making reasonable saving and investing choices. For this work, we are interested in finding out how well service and business class persons understand financial concepts. It has been shown that persons in the service and business classes have an average degree of financial knowledge based on a semi-structured questionnaire.The financial literacy of SLIIT's business students is examined in this research. The study's goal was to find out how well business students are prepared financially and whether or not the educational system is doing its part to assist them do so. Fifty completed questionnaires were approved for analysis after they were used to gather data. Using the mean marks of correct responses from the sample, the survey participants were divided into two sub-groups. Undergraduates typically get a GPA of 3.60. Categorical characteristics such as gender, advanced level stream, specialist areas, as well as other accounting and finance-related professional and academic skills, may be used to assess a person's financial literacy level. Business management students have a poor to medium degree of financial literacy based on the findings of this study. It is imperative that the institution provide additional courses and seminars on financial concerns to assist students better manage their own financial problems.

Project management is considered as a kind of science and that consists of a development dynamically held particularly in the 20th century. The risk register is considered tobe a very important parameter in the project management and when the proper analysis of the risk register is carried out then there can be the bigger chances of the success of the project. The risk register is important for the analysis in the project research work as well as the development of the company has been considered. Please consider that the initial stage involved in the risk register and the methodology involved in it is to first of all define the expectations related to the registers of the risk and also the practice currently involved in the register of the risk apart from this the perceptions can also be analysed so that the capabilities can be known related to the risk register. The aim of the present work is for the the proper examination of the risk register in the Hyderabad metro project so that the correlations between the different factors is obtained. There are different factors involved in the risk register as per the present work and that consist of delays in land acquisition planning third party liability risk regulatory administrative and approval delays design risk construction dress change in scope financial risk technology risk operation and maintenance market means performance raise force majeure political and social risk safety environment risk legal risk and interface risk.

In this paper, a smart fish biofloc system for modern fish farming is proposed. Biofloc is an innovative and cost-effective technology in which toxic materials to the fish and shellfish such as Nitrate, Ammonia can be converted to useful product, ie., proteinaceous feed. It is the technology used in aquaculture system with limited or zero water exchange under high stocking density, strong aeration and biota formed by biofloc. The culture of biofloc will be productive in the case of culture tanks exposed to sun. The system applies the internet of things (IoT) concept to monitor and control water quality in fish ecosystem. The system equipped with temperature, pH, turbidity, and water level sensors to monitor biofloc parameters. Environmental parameters are uploaded to the cloud and monitored via a smart phone application. The smart phone application equipped with features that support catfish farmers to collaborate in meeting market needs. The cost of making the system is designed to be as minimal as possible so can be applied by a middle-low scale catfish farmer. The implementation of the proposed system provides ease in monitoring biofloc conditions, improving fish quality, and farmer's income.

The culture NLR 3186 was derived from a cross of NLR 28523 / Secandro Brazelio (5720-11-1- 3-1) through Pedigree method of breeding at Agricultural Research Station, Nellore. It recorded an average yield increase of 19.97% over the check NLR 33892 in the station trials. In Multi Location Trial conducted for 2 years it recorded 11.26% increase over the checks used for testing MTU 1061. In 3 years of minikit testing the entry NLR 186 recorded 8.3% higher grain yield than the check varieties tested. In AICRIP trial during 2012-13, it recorded on par with the national check MTU 7029 (4249 kg/ha). It has non-lodging nature, high yielding, nitrogen responsive, with medium green foliage, low shattering and complete exertion of panicle. It was tolerant to leaf blast, neck blast and sheath rot. It has good cooking and chemical quality as it exhibits intermediate and desired values of ASV, gel consistency, good linear elongation ratio and amylase content. It also possesses good head rice recovery with translucent grains which is very much desired for marketing.

Education is the key to achieving the country's social change. The last stage of education is higher education. Various efforts were made to improve India's higher education system after independence. Gender equality is a principle in the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, and Directive Principles of the Indian constitution. The Constitution not only assures women's equality, but also empowers the State to take positive discrimination measures in favor of women. The study focused on the significance of female education and the challenges that women face in higher education institutions. The researcher focused on the need to strengthen the empowerment of women. Hence, the main objective of the study is to know students' perceptions of the challenges they face and to know the demands of empowerment. Objectives of the Study were to study the perceptions of women students towards Challenges and demands in Higher Education and to find out the relationship between the areas of Challenges and demands in Higher Education as perceived by female students. It is possible to obtain better results using the whole sample frame. The subjects were chosen from Degree and PG Colleges, and three B.Ed. Colleges are situated in the Davanagere district of Karnataka. Female students perceived high perceptions with respect to the areas viz. The importance of girls' education, facilities, professional competence of staff, curriculum issues, teacher-related issues, research related issues, and overall perceptions of challenges and demands in higher education.

The explanation of disarray between the ELSS and ULIP plans has been seen that both make interests in value advertises and are charge saving instruments. Indeed, is that ELSS and ULIPs are two distinct items and these fill various needs. ULIP is a blend of disaster protection and venture presented by life coverage organizations while ELSS is a value reserve. This examination paper fundamentally centers around choosing the best plan presented by top common asset organizations working in India based on resource under administration and it has been discovered that ELSS is more alluring for an objective financial backer as far as sensible charges, higher straightforwardness, lock-in – period, tax reductions, unadulterated venture, and Easily Understating and financial backer cordial.

The present paper examines the factors influencing capital structure of the companies belonging to two industries namely Pharmaceuticals and Chemical that are listed at Mumbai Stock Exchange Ltd. The secondary data has been used to achieve the objective of this study. The data period ranges from 1999 to 2015 (i.e. 17 years). The chosen period covers a complete business cycle i.e. both recessionary and booming phases of the industries. Here, the researcher has tested the null hypothesis: that there is no significant relationship between the financial leverage and various independent variables. The statistics like coefficient of determination (R2), ANOVA (F), Durbin Watson, and regression coefficients resulting from the application of Multiple Regression model were applied for the analysis of data. The results indicated that cost of debt and cost of equity are found having negative values of regression coefficients and the same are significant at 2% and 1% level respectively in case of pharmaceuticals.. The relationship between liquidity and leverage is negative (-0.199), but statistically significant. It means that the leverage of the firm is affected by liquidity of the firm. In case of steel industry two variables namely size of the firm and operating leverage are having positive and significant regression coefficients indicating a positive relationship with the leverage ratio whereas cost of debt, cost of equity, and DPR are found having negative and insignificant coefficients during the years 2009 and 2015.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of callisthenic training on selected physical variables among engineering students. To achieve the purpose of the study, fifty Engineering students were selected randomly from SRM University, Tiruchirappalli. The subjects aged from 18 to22 years. The selected subjects were divided into two equal groups namely experimental and control groups of 25 subjects each. The training period was limited to eight weeks and for six days per week. The callisthenic training was selected as independent variables and Flexibility and Balance were selected as dependent variable and it was measured by sit and reach, and stroke stand. All the subjects were tested two days before and immediately after the experimental period on the selected dependent variables. The obtained data from the experimental group and control group before and after the experimental period were statistically analyzed with dependent‘t’-test to find out significant improvements. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 level confidences for all the cases. Significant improvement was found on Flexibility and Balance of experimental group due to the effect of callisthenic training when compared to the control group.

Rainfall is a prime component in the hydrological parameters in Meerut region. Rainfall is an important factor for various studies like engineering, agriculture, weather, and many more. This article aims to review studies for rainfall trends and variability all over India. Rainfall trends vary at different places throughout the country. Precipitation analysis provides knowledge related to agricultural activities to assess the availability of water and to take proper measures for storage. Non-parametric tests such as Sen’s Slope were used as estimator of trend magnitude which was supported by Mann-Kendall test. Regarding rainfall trend results of different studies shows variation which leads to an unclear picture of rainfall trend. In the study of monsoon of different locations in India some places showed increasing trends however there is signifying decrease in trend allover India. It was also mentioned that analysis can vary from for a location if done using different source or types of collection of data.

The widespread online misinformation could cause public frenzy and genuine monetary harms. The misinformation containment issue aims at limiting the spread of misinformation in online interpersonal organizations by dispatching contending efforts. Roused by sensible situations, we present an investigation of the misinformation containment issue for the situation when a self-assertive number of falls are permitted. This paper makes four commitments. In the first place, we give a formal model for multi-course dissemination and present an important idea called as course need. Second, we show that the misinformation containment issue can't be approximated. Third, we present a few kinds of course need that are as often as possible found in genuine informal communities. At long last, we plan novel calculations for tackling the misinformation containment issue. The viability of the proposed calculation is upheld by empowering experimental outcomes.

Panels help in constructing affordable and low cost construction. it's eco-friendly material and is advantageous over conventional building materials and avoids heavy weight building like with concrete. This paper shows the production of gypsum panels with using of agricultural waste such as rice straw, rice husk with glass fiber is very affordable and can easily be casted at sites.

In this paper, we introduced and studied basic properties of weaker form of multifunctions such as upper and lower 𝜏∗𝑚wg-continuous multifunctions. We obtain some of its characterizations with totally 𝜏∗𝑚wg-closed graph and strongly 𝜏∗𝑚wg-closed graph in Minimal Structures.

We investigate the capability of localizing node failures in communication networks from binary states (normal/ failed) of end-to-end paths. Given a set of nodes of interest, uniquely localizing failures within this set requires that different observable path states associate with different node failure events. However, this condition is difficult to test on large networks due to the need to enumerate all possible node failures. Our first contribution is a set of sufficient/necessary conditions for identifying a bounded number of failures within an arbitrary node set that can be tested in polynomial time. In addition to network topology and locations of monitors, our conditions also incorporate constraints imposed by the probing mechanism used. We consider three probing mechanisms that differ according to whether measurement paths are (i) arbitrarily controllable, (ii) controllable but cycle-free, or (iii) uncontrollable (determined by the default routing protocol). Our second contribution is to quantify the capability of failure localization through (1) the maximum number of failures (anywhere in the network) such that failures within a given node set can be uniquely localized, and (2) the largest node set within which failures can be uniquely localized under a given bound on the total number of failures. Both measures in (1– 2) can be converted into functions of a per-node property, which can be computed efficiently based on the above sufficient/necessary conditions. We demonstrate how measures (1–2) proposed for quantifying failure localization capability can be used to evaluate the impact of various parameters, including topology, number of monitors, and probing mechanisms.

In the context of Tirunelveli, this paper evaluates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing Human Resource Management (HRM). AI is continuing to transform businesses around the world, and its use in HRM is leading to major advancements in the oversight and optimization of human resources. AI increasing number of companies in Tirunelveli are utilizing AI tools like automation, machine learning, and predictive analytics to improve decision-making, expedite HR processes, and enhance employee experiences in general. The study focuses on how AI is changing the HR procedures in Tirunelveli companies, especially hiring, employee engagement, performance management, and talent development. While automation frees up time for strategic duties, artificial intelligence's capability to analyse vast amounts of data enables HR professionals to make better informed, data-driven decisions. The results demonstrate how artificial intelligence (AI) may encourage more equitable and effective HR procedures in Tirunelveli, giving companies the means to boost output, lessen prejudices, and raise employee happiness.

Corneal diseases are one of the major causes of visual loss and blindness. Amongst corneal diseases, microbial keratitis is a major blinding disease. In some countries, fungal keratitis accounts for almost 50% of patients with culture-proven microbial keratitis. The study was conducted to determine the epidemiological characteristics of fungal keratitis in rural population of Nadia district of West Bengal and identify the specific pathogenic organisms. The charts of patients with microbial keratitis who attended for the Cornea Services of Netra Deep Eye Clinic, Santipur, Nadia from January to September 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Records of patients with 10% Potassium Hydroxide (10% KOH) mount and culture positive fungal keratitis were analysed for epidemiological features, laboratory findings and treatment outcomes. Total 139 patients of microbial keratitis were included in the study, 61 patients (44.20%) were diagnosed with fungal keratitis (10% Potassium Hydroxide mount positive). Out of the 139 patients, 61 fitted the study inclusion criteria (10% Potassium Hydroxide mount and culture positive). Ocular trauma in 29 (47.54%) cases was identified as a high-risk factor and vegetative injuries in 18 cases were identified as a significant cause for fungal keratitis. The predominant fungal species isolated was Aspergillus species followed by Candida albicans and Fusarium species. Agricultural activity related ocular trauma was the principal cause of mycotic keratitis and males were more commonly affected. The culture positive patients healed with corneal scar formation with medical treatment whereas some cases required therapeutic keratoplasty. Fungal keratitis is an important cause of microbial keratitis with injury to the cornea being a leading predisposing factor. Although Aspergillus species was implicated in most of the patients in our study population, Candida species were found in higher numbers than previously reported. Keratitis caused by filamentous fungi responds adequately to medical management. Therapeutic keratoplasty continues to remain an important treatment modality in infections with Candida species. Early diagnosis with prompt identification of the pathogenic organism is mandatory to initiate appropriate therapy and thereby reduce morbidity.

The future of work is being rapidly reshaped by technological advancements, particularly the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in workforce planning and skill forecasting. As industries evolve and new job roles emerge, the demand for specific skill sets becomes more dynamic and harder to predict using traditional methods. This study investigates how AI-driven models can accurately predict future skill demands across various industries and assesses their practical usefulness in recruitment, employee training, and strategic workforce planning. A descriptive research design was adopted, using both primary data from 300 industry professionals and secondary data from reports, academic articles, and market studies. Key findings indicate that AI tools are perceived as effective in improving hiring accuracy, identifying training needs, and aligning workforce capabilities with future business demands. Moreover, the accuracy of AI predictions is significantly influenced by the quality and diversity of data sources used, including job portals, internal HR databases, and real-time labour market trends. Despite the promising outcomes, the study highlights gaps in AI adoption, particularly among non-tech sectors, and underscores the need for proper training of HR professionals. The research concludes that AI holds transformative potential in managing future workforce challenges, provided that models are updated regularly, ethical considerations are addressed, and data usage is optimised. The study contributes to existing literature by bridging the gap between AI capability and practical workforce application, and offers actionable suggestions for broader, more effective AI integration across industries.