COVID-19 is one of the most deadliest disease causing virus which not only affected on health, but also on the overall economical progress of the globe. It creates havoc in the society because of its unstoppable transferable ability. It was started in China spread all over the world and most of the part of the known world is under in lockdown status for almost eight months and still counting which has a long lasting effect on health, economy, development, etc. The human resources are still struggling to find out an exact cure and vaccine. This review is aimed at the methods of precaution and safe practices at home, office, work places, while travelling and updated methods of treatment. It also gives an idea about the importance of social distancing, quarantine and its majors, importance of the use of masks and methods of disposal. A special emphasize is given on overall time period obligatory for vaccine production, and an exact development of corona vaccine as on today. A generalized idea about a suspected person to differentiate from non-suspected, probable contaminated person. This review clarifies the symptoms, precautions, treatments, and vaccine under development for COVID-19 causing disease.

Across the globe, there are 107 countries and in India 20 states and 4 Union territories have reported the arsenic contaminated drinking water. Jharkhand is one of the Indian states, basically known as “land of forest and tribal people”. The nine districts (approximately 37% districts), out of 24 districts have reported the arsenic contaminated drinking water as reviewed the different research paper. Almost, all 6 districts of Santhal Paragana division of Jharkhand viz Sahibganj, Pakur, Godda, Dumka, Deoghar and Jamtara have reported the arsenic contamination in their drinking water and few districts of Chhotanagpur Plateau viz Giridih, Ranchi and Hazaribagh have also reported the arsenic contamination in their drinking water. The maximum concentration of arsenic is reported 1.5 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l and 1.2 mg/l in Sahebganj, Ranchi and Deoghar districts respectively which is more than the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) Standards (0.01mg/l) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) ,10500, 2012 (Second Revision) ,amendment, June 2015 (0.01mg/l) .The alluvial soil of gangetic plain and minerals enriched platue are the main sources of arsenic which comes in drinking water either through natural ways and anthropogenic activities such as coal mining and metal smelting of ore processing. The review study reveals that the arsenic contamination in Jharkhand is not only limited to the gangetic plain but also in plateau region.

Bio-fuel oils are used as an alternative to diesel in CI engines with engine performance improvements and also reduce harmful exhaust gas emissions. Various blends have been reported by research in this field to be optimal, high or comparable engine performance. Bio-diesel is one of the most promising options for diesel needs. Current work focuses on the performance of castor seed oil, mustard seed oil and sunflower seed oil and for variable loads with a four cylinder, 4 stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection, water cooled, hydraulic dynamometer diesel engine. The physical and chemical properties of castor oil, mustard oil and sunflower seed oil and its mixture were determined. Engine performance and emission characteristics were studied using castor seed oil, mustard oil and sunflower seed oil and their blends with diesel, and by analyzing performance characteristics and emission characteristics at rated load and with pure diesel to find out the best mixture by comparison of Biodiesel samples.

Organic synthesis is the very useful for the modification of the drug discovery and its applicable for the modify for the change the route of drug discovery as well as pharmacology study, the current situation of the environment is very harsh and environmentally friendly sources are costly then the tradition method of synthesis, so our worked is focus on designing the environment as well as economically viable route of synthesis with the help of some novel silica supported metal catalyst. in this type catalyst design from collected solid harmful environment metal waste of aluminum foil. our team is collected aluminum waste from food sellers and then wash with water aluminum converted to aluminum hydroxide. they use for the formulation of gel formation of medicine. and its not harmful like aluminum metal, as per survey aluminum is the second highest metal waste on the earth.

The main aim of the present work is to screen antioxidant activity of all the extracts of Combretum ovalifolium and quantify the phytochemicals by qualitative and quantitative analysis in different extracts of leaf and stem of Combretum ovalifolium. Extraction of dried powder of different parts of Combretum ovalifolium, i.e. leaves and stem was carried out in succession with 6 solvents of increasing polarities, viz. hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, methanol, water and 70%ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on all the extracts using standard procedures. Radical scavenging activity of different extracts of Combretum ovalifolium leaf and stem were studied by DPPH assay. Among these phytocompounds Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Saponins, Proteins, Fixed Oils and Fats, Phenolics, Flavonoids, Gum and Mucilages, Tannins, Terpenoids, Lignins, Resins, Lactones and Amino Acids were observed in the leaf and stem extracts. Phytosterols, Phlobatannins, Ascorbic Acid, Anthraquinone, Betacyanins, Anthocyanin were absent in both the parts of Combretum ovalifolium. The total content of phenolic compounds 1.273 0.023 mg/g and 0.7142 0.564 mg/g, alkaloids 0.468±0.037mg/g and 0.4690±0.370 mg/g, Saponins 0.74±0.055 mg/g and 0.1490±0.283 mg/g, Flavonoids 1.258±0.049 mg/g and 1.6582±0.107 mg/g, terpenoids 2.10±0.112 mg/g and 0.2082±0.382 mg/g were determined in leaf and stem of Combretum ovalifolium respectively. Antioxidant results shows that among all the leaf extracts of Combretum ovalifolium methanol shows greater activity with IC50 value of 4.04mg/ml and similarly, for stem extracts methanol shows highest inhibition with IC50 value of 8.02mg/ml.

Memory function involves both the ability to remember details of individual experiences and the ability to link information access events to create new knowledge. Prior research has identified the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and the hippocampus as important for integrating across events in the service of generalization in episodic memory. The degree to which these memory integration mechanisms contribute to other forms of generalization, such as concept learning, is unclear. The present study used a concept-learning task in humans (both sexes) coupled with model-based FMRI to test whether VMPFC and hippocampus contribute to concept across events in the service of generalization in episodic memory. The degree to which these memory integration mechanisms contribute to other forms of generalization, such as concept learning, is unclear. The present study used a concept-learning task in humans (both sexes) coupled with model-based FMRI to test whether VMPFC and hippocampus contribute to concept generalization, and whether they do so by maintaining specific category exemplars or abstract category representations. Two formal categorization models were fit to individual Journal Of Electronics and Information Technology(1009-5896)||Volume 25 Issue 4 2025 subject data: a prototype model that posits abstract category representations and an exemplar model that posits category representations based on individual category members. Latent variables from each of these models were entered into imaging analyses to determine whether VMPFC and the hippocampus track prototype or exemplar information during concept generalization. Behavioral model fits indicated that almost three-quarters of the subjects relied on prototype information when making judgments about new category members.

Street lights are the most unnoticed and ignored objects in our everyday life. Ever imagined that these standalone objects have the power to revolutionize our world and the way we live ? We see street lights as one of the most valuable public assets that have a powerful role to play in making cities energy-efficient, resilient and future-ready, and in turn making a liveable planet Earth. We propose a solution based on the new age technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) clubbed along with Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) and sensor solutions that help meet the goals going far beyond lighting, such as energy efficiency, traffic and crime monitoring and traffic management. This setup can come handy in emergency situations such as natural disasters like floods, thus saving numerous valuable human lives.

An avant–garde study on honeycomb panel expansion machine to fabricate honeycomb sandwich panel. This panel consists of two thin sheets in which a light weight thick core is placed in between them. Usually, aluminum & magnesium are considered for the fabrication of honey comb panel for economic considerations. Titanium alloys are considered for specific applications such as aerospace structures. Conventionally, the honeycomb panels are manufactured by the processes such as welding, brazing, forming. Nowadays, adhesive bonding also considered for manufacturing of honeycomb sandwich panels. During the process, honey comb core is in the form of HOBE then it will expanded to required cell size by using machine known as honeycomb sandwich panel expansion machine (HCXM). Initially, HOBE form of honeycomb panel is made up with paper model. And top and bottom platen is also made up with paper model. To ensure the operation feasibility, then the study has been carried out on the fabrication of aluminum alloys using HCXM as per ASTM standards.

Computer network are a system of interconnected computers for the purpose of sharing digital information. The concept of a network began in 1962 when a server at the Massachusetts institute of Technology was connected to a server in California. Since that time the proliferation of computers and computer networks has increased significantly. One of the most significant challenges to networks is attacks on their resources caused by inadequate network security. The purpose of this research project was to evaluate open source, free, intrusion detection systems and how easily they can integrate into in existing network .research was conducted for this study through a review of existing literature pertaining to intrusion detection systems and how they function. The literature also highlighted previous studies conducted on intrusion detection systems, both commercial and open source. In addition to the review of existing literature, the author conducted independent testing on three open source intrusion detection systems.

Microscopic analysis of human hair can be a powerful evidence in the field of forensic science. Examination of different characteristics of hairs under a microscope are studied usually for comparing hair taken from a crime scene and hair taken from a suspect. Hair found can link the crime scene to the suspect and a victim. The visual characteristics of hair are observed as color, length, texture and type. In microscopic analysis, more detailed hair characteristics are noticed that finally help to establish a correlation between a suspect and a crime scene or a suspect and a victim. [1, 2]. When the hair is present with the root follicle than DNA profiling can be done but if hair is present without root follicle than profiling is done by mitochondrial DNA.

X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique is a prominent & nondestructive tool, used for the determination of crystallographic structure of any material. The technique follows the Brag’s Law and measures the intensities and scattering angles of the X-rays that leave the material to provide information on phases, preferred crystal orientations, crystal defects, crystallinity, and many other parameters. Crystallinity Index (CI), which is a quantitative indicator of crystallinity of any material, can also be calculated using XRD data and applying Segal’s method. In the present study, XRD patterns of Alkali/Acid treated soyahulls are recorded and used for the calculation of CI. Results indicated wide variation of CI ranging from 22%-76% with lowest value for sodium hydroxide treated and highest for ascorbic acid treated soya hulls which may be due to maximum removal of hemicelluloses and amorphous lignin type structure. This study reveals that organic acids which are more eco-friendly can work better to increase CI and cellulose content of any lignocellulosic waste biomaterials like soya hulls for the application in composite and nanocomposites material synthesis.

Entrepreneurship is a concept which adds value by creation of new jobs, opportunities and the production of innovation in goods and services. Entrepreneurship adds promotes the generation of wealth. A single commonly accepted definition of entrepreneurship is nonexistent so the functional definition of entrepreneurship is based upon the discussions and global context and needs. Clearly, definitions of entrepreneurship are far from uniform and each has its own merits. However the present dialogue, the most appropriate definition is given by [GEM] global entrepreneurship monitor.